Prunus is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Rosaceae that naturally occurs in Western Asia and includes plum, cherry, peach, apricot, and almond trees, which contribute to regional climate regulation and play a significant role in biodiversity. To elucidate key characteristics of this genus, the present study focused on two structural proteins of central importance. Zipper proteins, despite their simple architecture, perform essential functions in regulating protein and gene activity. In Prunus species, these proteins are critically involved in responses to environmental stress and in the regulation of growth. Their characterization and application in genetic improvement can enhance stress tolerance in plants and lead to the development of more resilient and high-yield cultivars. Defective proteins play a pivotal role in the normal function of the plant meristem, as the meristem comprises proliferating stem cells responsible for plant elongation and radial growth. In this study, the effects of zipper and defective proteins on the resistance of the Prunus genus to climatic changes and the extent of their point mutations under different conditions were examined. Sequences were retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and aligned using the Multalin program. The results indicated the presence of genetic polymorphism attributable to point mutations in the zipper protein sequences of Prunus dulcis and Prunus persica, and in the defective protein sequences of Prunus persica, Prunus mume, Prunus avium, and Prunus dulcis. The findings confirmed that these mutations are beneficial to the plant, increasing resistance to climatic stress, diseases, and pests, and preventing extinction in the face of environmental threats.

Prunus Polymorphism Genetic Point Mutation Leucine Zippers Meristem