Pea (Pisum sativum L.), as one of the most important legumes, plays a pivotal role in ensuring food and nutritional security in many countries. The genetic diversity of this species serves as a fundamental basis for breeding programs, conservation of genetic resources, and the development of cultivars resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses. This study investigates the genetic diversity of pea using nucleotide sequences of meristematic genes extracted from individuals of this species available in the NCBI database. Precise characterization of this genetic diversity—particularly within meristematic genes that play a key role in plant growth and development—is of particular significance. The primary objective of the study is to determine the extent and pattern of genetic diversity within selected meristematic genes in pea genotypes using sequencing data and bioinformatic analyses to support breeding improvement programs. In this study, meristematic gene sequences from multiple genotypes were collected, aligned using bioinformatic tools, and analyzed through phylogenetic tree construction to determine evolutionary relationships and genetic proximity among samples, thereby clarifying genetic structure and relatedness. Results showed that out of a total of 4,144 nucleotides, 52.31% similarity and 47.69% genetic variation were observed among sequences, indicating a high level of genetic diversity in meristematic genes. The phylogenetic structure revealed that some genotypes exhibited greater genetic proximity while others displayed wider evolutionary divergence, indicating the presence of distinct genetic groups. The high degree of genetic diversity observed can provide a suitable basis for identifying superior genotypes in terms of meristematic growth, stress tolerance, and agricultural performance. These findings underscore the importance of sequencing data and bioinformatic analyses for improving our understanding of genetic structure, enhancing pea breeding programs, and developing strategies for the conservation and utilization of genetic resources in similar crop species.

Pisum sativum Genetic Variation Nucleotides Meristem Tissue Bioinformatics